Historical European martial arts, or HEMA, bring old fighting ways back to life. These arts come from Europe. People study them today from books and drawings made long ago. HEMA covers sword fights, hand-to-hand combat, and more. It helps us learn about the past.
As a historical martial artist, I’ve seen many things. I love the old ways of fighting. I was at a HEMA event in Hamburg. People were so passionate about it. Historical European martial arts is a growing field. It is a true blend of history and sport. I want to share my thoughts. This art is for everyone.
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A Quick Look at HEMA History
HEMA started in ancient times. Think of Greek wrestling or Roman soldiers. But most info comes from the Middle Ages, around 1300 to 1800. Key books called Fechtbücher teach these skills. One early book is from 1300. It shows sword and shield fights.
In the 1300s, masters like Johannes Liechtenauer shared secrets in Germany. His ideas spread widely. In Italy, Fiore dei Liberi wrote a book in 1409. It covers daggers, spears, and wrestling. The Renaissance brought printed books. People like Joachim Meyer taught fencing with long swords and rapiers.
By the 1700s, styles changed to small swords and foils. This led to modern sports like Olympic fencing. In the late 1800s, folks like Alfred Hutton revived old ways. Now, HEMA grows fast thanks to the web and groups.
Key Types of HEMA Fighting
HEMA has many styles. Some use no armor. Others use a full plate. Common weapons include the longsword, rapier, dagger, and polearms.
- Longsword: Held with two hands. It’s key in German and Italian schools.
- Grappling: Hand-to-hand fights, like Kampfringen in Germany or abrazare in Italy.
- Dagger and Messer: Short blades for close fights.
- Armored Combat: Called Harnischfechten. Fighters wear metal suits.
- Rapier Fencing: From the Renaissance. Fast and pointy.
Schools vary by place. German styles focus on strong cuts. Italian ones use thrusts and guards. Spanish Destreza adds math and circles. Scottish and English arts include backswords and baskets.
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How People Practice HEMA Today
Today, HEMA is a hobby and sport. Clubs meet worldwide. Over 300 clubs exist, from Europe to Asia. Groups help connect people.
Training uses safe gear. Masks, jackets, and gloves protect from hits. Swords are blunt, not sharp. Classes start with the basics. Then, sparring tests skills.
Events include tournaments like Swordfish in Sweden. Workshops teach from old books. Online sites share videos and tips. Kids can learn too, with fun games.
HEMA differs from movie fights or LARP. It’s based on real old texts. Not just for show.
Good Things and Ways to Get Better
HEMA has strong points. It builds fitness and sharp minds. Learning history feels fun. The community is kind and growing. Old books give real facts. Groups focus on true skills.
But challenges exist. Old texts can be hard to read correctly. Safety is key, so use good gear. Not every place has a club. The cost of tools adds up. More research can fill gaps in lost styles.
To improve, standardize the rules for events. Make it easy for new folks. Share more free guides online.
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Where to Find More on HEMA
Start with free old books online. Sites have how-to articles. Join a club via Finders. Watch YouTube for demos. Books by masters like Salvator Fabris help deep dives.
HEMA links past and now. It’s open to all who want to try.
FAQs
What is a rare martial art?
There are many rare martial arts, often rooted in specific cultures or regions. Examples include Dambe from Nigeria, Okichitaw from the Plains Cree people, and Bartitsu, a late 19th-century British hybrid style.
What is the oldest style of karate?
The oldest styles of karate are Shōrei-ryū and Shōrin-ryū. They were both developed in Okinawa, Japan, in the late 19th century.
Did Europeans have martial arts?
Yes, Europeans had martial arts. They are now known as Historical European martial arts (HEMA). These fighting systems used swords, spears, and other weapons.
Is karate older than taekwondo?
No, taekwondo is older than karate. Taekwondo’s origins can be traced back to Korean fighting styles from 37 BC. Modern taekwondo was created in the 20th century.
What is the European style of fighting?
The European style of fighting is not one thing. It includes many styles. Examples are boxing, wrestling, and fencing. These were based on the use of different weapons and self-defense methods.
What is the oldest style of martial arts?
The oldest martial art is a topic of debate. However, many experts believe that Kalaripayattu, from India, is the oldest. It dates back over 3,000 years.
What martial arts existed in the 1800s?
In the 1800s, martial arts like savate and canne de combat were practiced in France. Judo was founded in Japan. Bartitsu was created in England in 1899.
What was the original form of martial arts?
The original forms of martial arts came from ancient fighting systems. They were used for self-defense and military training. They included armed and unarmed combat.
What are the old traditional martial arts?
Old traditional martial arts include many styles. Examples are wrestling, boxing, and pankration. Chinese and Japanese arts like kung fu and jujutsu are also considered old.
When did historical European martial arts start?
Historical European martial arts (HEMA) are a collection of fighting styles. The earliest manuals date back to the late medieval period, around the 1300s. They continued to evolve into the 1800s.
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